On a conspectus of the aforementioned authorities, it is evident that a clause for the forfeiture of earnest money is not penal in the ordinary sense, rendering Section 74 of the 1872 Act, ...

Individualization of sentencing means customizing the punishment based on the individual offender's characteristics, circumstances, and background, rather than applying the same punishment uniformly ...

Before we proceed to answer the question formulated by us in para 27, we deem it necessary to examine Section 22 of the 1963 Act. It reads thus: “22. Power to grant relief for possession, partition, ...

In Our Constituent Assembly, this 26th day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT, and GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

2. Who is a Habitual Offender? · A person convicted and jailed more than twice in 5 years for crimes like theft, robbery, etc. (not for the same incident). Maharashtra’s law keeps an eye on repeat ...

The Indian Penal Code (now largely replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita or BNS) prescribes a range of punishments for various offences, including death, life imprisonment, rigorous and simple ...

Many special laws prescribe mandatory minimum sentences for certain offences. Courts cannot impose a sentence less than the minimum prescribed by the statute, even by invoking constitutional powers ...